Legal regulation of Justice of the Peace in Russia: evolution, problems, prospects (to the 20th anniversary of the restoration of the institution of magistrates)
The article analyzes the development and adoption of legislation on magistrates in Russia in the 1990s, examines the evolution of ideas about the legal status of the magistrates and their place in the judicial system of the Russian Federation from the Concept of Judicial Reform of the RSFSR of 1991 to Federal Act « On magistrates in the Russian Federation». The author comes to the conclusion that the legal status of the magistrates, proposed by the Judicial Reform Concept, some projects of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional act project about magistrates was significantly influenced by the pre-revolutionary experience in the legal regulation and activities of the magistrates. However, when developing the current federal law, the legislator refused many ideas, often patriarchal. The article analyzes in detail the content of the Federal Law «On Justices of the Peace», the legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation, draws conclusions about typical decisions of subjects in the sphere of legal regulation of the Justice of the Peace. In addition the author investigates the changes made to the law over 20 years, draws conclusions on improving the legal regulation as well as on the gradual reduction of the competence of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the sphere of legal regulation of the institute of Justices of the Peace. The article concludes with a brief overview of trends and prospects for the legal regulation of the Justice of the Peace in the Russian Federation.
Keywords: magistrate’s court; magistrate; the Justice of the Peace; legal regulation of the Justice of the Peace.
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