Journal section JURISPRUDENCE
Criminal law measures and criminal liability: scientific discussion and search for solutions
Pudovochkin Yu.E. Criminal law measures and criminal liability: scientific discussion and searching for a solution. Penitentiary Science, 2020, vol. 14, no. 4 (52), pp. 460–472. DOI 10.46741/2686-9764-2020-14-4-542-551.
The paper analyzes the content of scientific discourse on the relationship between criminal liability and criminal law measures and proves that the corresponding concepts are not subordinate and interchangeable. Criminal law measures are defined as legal means and normative structures established by law, which the state uses to respond to a crime. Criminal liability is defined as a real phenomenon, a special combination of criminal law measures implemented on the basis of a court sentence. The common feature of criminal liability and criminal law measures is that they can only be applied in case of commission of a crime. In this regard, measures imposed on persons who have committed a socially dangerous act before reaching the age of criminal liability or in a state of insanity should be excluded from the list of measures of a criminal legal nature. The difference between liability and criminal law measures is that liability requires official recognition of a person guilty of committing a crime, while criminal law measures can also be applied in the absence of a decision on guilt, when a person is exempt from criminal liability. Based on this, all criminal law measures are divided into two groups: a) measures applied outside the scope of liability, and b) measures that are part of liability. We give the nomenclature of each of them and identify promising opportunities for their expansion. In particular, the list of criminal law measures may be supplemented with community service, limited paid work, and administrative supervision.
Keywords: criminal liability; measures of a criminal-legal nature; criminal punishment; conditional conviction; criminal record; administrative supervision; criminallegal attitude
-
Doctor of Sciences (Law), Professor, chief researcher, head of the criminal law direction at the Center for Justice Research of the Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation.
ORCID 0000- 0003-1100-931
, e-mail 11081975@list.ru
1. Borovikov S.A. Prinuditel’nye mery vospitatel’nogo vozdeistviya kak al’ternativa nakazaniyu nesovershennoletnikh
[Compulsory measures of educational influence as an alternative to the punishment of minors]. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2008.
192 p.
2. Brilliantov A.V. Osvobozhdenie ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti: s uchetom obobshcheniya sudebnoi praktiki: nauchnoprakticheskoe posobie [Exemption from criminal liability: taking into account the generalization of judicial practice: research
and practice textbook]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2014. 111 p.
3. Gareev M.F. Tseli inykh mer ugolovno-pravovogo kharaktera i sredstva ikh dostizheniya po rossiiskomu ugolovnomu
pravu: dissertatsiya na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Goals of other criminal law measures and
means of achieving them in Russian criminal law: Candidate of Sciences (Law) dissertation].Kazan, 2005. 198 p.
4. Gorobtsov V.I. Development of the theory of criminal law enforcement in the new Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
In: Aktual’nye problemy teorii ugolovnogo prava i pravoprimenitel’noi praktiki: mezhvuzovskii sbornik nauchnykh trudov
[Topical issues of the theory of criminal law and law enforcement practice: a collection of scientific papers]. Krasnoyarsk:
KrVShMVDRF, 1997. Pp. 60–67. (In Russ.).
5. Grammatchikov M.V. Sudimost’: istoricheskii, ugolovno-pravovoi i ugolovno-ispolnitel’nyi aspekty: avtoreferat
dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Criminal record: historical, criminal-legal and
penal aspects: Candidate of Sciences (Law) dissertation abstract].Krasnoyarsk, 2002. 23 p.
6. Grebenkin F.B. The concept, features and types of other measures of a criminal-legal nature. In: Sistemnost’ v
ugolovnom prave: Materialy II Rossiiskogo Kongressa ugolovnogo prava [Consistency in criminal law. Proceedings of the
second Russian Congress on Criminal Law]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2007. Pp. 125–127. (In Russ.).
7. Duyunov V.K. Ugolovno-pravovoe vozdeistvie: teoriya i praktika [Criminal law impact: theory and practice]. Moscow:
Nauchnaya kniga, 2003. 520 p.
8. Egorov V.S. Voprosy pravovogo regulirovaniya mer ugolovno-pravovogo prinuzhdeniya [Issues of legal regulation of
criminal law enforcement measures]. Moscow: Izd-vo Moskovskogo psikhologo-sotsial’nogo in-ta; Voronezh: Izd-vo NPO
“MODEK”, 2006. 309 p.
9. Endol’tseva A.V. Institut osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti: teoreticheskie, zakonodatel’nye
i pravoprimenitel’nye problemy: avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni doktora yuridicheskikh nauk [Institute
of exemption from criminal liability: theoretical, legislative and law enforcement problems: Doctor of Sciences (Law)
dissertation abstract]. Moscow, 2005. 50 p.
10. Zagorodnikov N.I. On the limits of criminal liability. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo = Soviet State and Law, 1967, no. 7,
pp. 39–46. (In Russ.).
11. Zvecharovskii I. Criminal law measures: concept, system, types. Zakonnost’=Legality, 1999, no. 3, pp. 36–39.
(In Russ.).
12. Zemlyukov S.V. The concept and content of criminal law measures.In: Gosudarstvo i pravo na rubezhe vekov:
Kriminologiya, ugolovnoe pravo, sudebnoe pravo: materialy Vserossiiskoi konferentsii [State and law at the turn of the
century:Criminology, criminal law, judicial law: Proceedings of the all-Russian conference]. Moscow: In-t gosudarstva
i prava RAN, 2001. Pp. 29–36. (In Russ.).
13. Kalinina T.M. Administrative supervision as another measure of criminal law. In: Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya razvitiya v
XXI veke: materialy IX Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Criminal law: development strategy in the 21st
century. Proceedings of the 9th research-to-practice conference]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2012. Pp. 300–307. (In Russ.).
14. Kaplin M.N. On criminal law measures. In: Aktual’nye problemy differentsiatsii ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti
i zakonodatel’noi tekhniki v ugolovnom prave i protsesse: sbornik nauchnykh statei. Yaroslavl: Izd-vo Yarosl. un-ta, 2003.
Pp. 169–176. (In Russ.).
15. Karelin D.V. Prinuditel’nye mery vospitatel’nogo vozdeistviya kak al’ternativa ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti: dissertatsiya
na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Compulsory measures of educational influence as an
alternative to criminal liability:Candidate of Sciences (Law) dissertation]. Tomsk, 2001. 269 p.
16. Kelina S.G. “Other measures of a criminal law nature” as an institute of criminal law.In: Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya
razvitiya v XXI veke: materialy 4-i Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Criminal law: development strategy in
the 21st century. Proceedings of the 4th international research-to-practice conference]. Moscow: Velbi, 2007. Pp. 283–288.
17. Kelina S.G. Measures of responsibility provided for by the criminal law and the grounds for their application. Sovetskoe
gosudarstvo i pravo = Soviet State and Law, 1982, no. 5. pp. 100–108. (In Russ.).
18. Kelina S.G. Punishment and other criminal law measures. Gosudarstvo i pravo = State and Law, 2007, no. 6. pp. 51–58.
(In Russ.).
19. Kelina S.G. Teoreticheskie voprosy osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti [Theoretical issues of exemption
from criminal liability]. Moscow: Nauka, 1974. 231 p.
20. Kondalov A.N. Uslovnoe osuzhdenie i mekhanizmy ego obespecheniya: dissertatsiya na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni
kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Suspended sentence and mechanisms of its provision: Candidate of Sciences (Law)
dissertation]. Kazan, 2000. 180 p.
21. Kurganov S. Criminal law measures. Ugolovnoe pravo = Criminal Law, 2007, no. 2, pp. 59–63. (In Russ.).
22. Lesnichenko I.P. Ponyatie i osnovanie ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti: lektsiya [The notion and basis of criminal liability:
a lecture]. Stavropol: Servisshkola, 2005. 59 p.
23. Lopashenko N.A. Konfiskatsiya imushchestva [Confiscation of property]. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2012. 160 p.
24. Magomedov A.A. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost’ i osvobozhdenie ot nee: evolyutsiya pravovykh vozzrenii i sovremennost’:
avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni doktora yuridicheskikh nauk [Criminal liability and exemption from it:
evolution of legal views and modernity:Doctor of Sciences (Law) dissertation abstract]. Moscow,1998. 57 p.
25. Mal’tsev V.V. Vvedenie v ugolovnoe pravo [Introduction to criminal law]. Volgograd: Volgogr. yurid. in-t MVD Rossii,
2000. 204 p.
26. Mal’tsev V.V. Problemy osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti i nakazaniya v ugolovnom prave [Problems of
exemption from criminal liability and punishment in criminal law]. Volgograd: VA MVD Rossii, 2004. 209 p.
27. Medvedev E. The concept and types of other criminal law measures applied for the commission of crimes. Ugolovnoe
pravo = Criminal Law, 2009, no. 5, pp. 46–51. (In Russ.).
28. Medvedev E.V. The concept and essence of suspended sentence as a tool of criminal law impact. Obshchestvo i pravo =
Society and Law, 2010, no. 2 (29), pp. 107–112. (In Russ.).
29. Muzenik A.K. Differentiation of criminal liability: forms and types. In: Ugolovnoe pravo i sovremennost’: mezhvuzovskii
sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Criminal law and modernity. Inter-university collection of scientific papers]. Krasnoyarsk: KrVSh
MVD RF, 1998. Pp. 21–26. (In Russ.).
30. Nabiullin F.K. Nekaratel’nye mery ugolovno-pravovogo kharaktera: priroda, sistema i sotsial’no-pravovoe naznachenie:
avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Non-punitive criminal-legal measures:
nature, system and socio-legal purpose: Candidate of Sciences (Law) dissertation abstract]. Kazan, 2008. 23 p.
31. Nazarenko G.V. Criminal law measures that are not a punishment. In: Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya razvitiya v XXI
veke: materialy XVII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Criminal law: development strategy in the 21st
century:Proceedings of the 17th international research-to-practice conference]. Moscow: RG-Press, 2010. Pp. 22–26.
32. Naumov A.V. Rossiiskoe ugolovnoe pravo. Obshchaya chast’: kurs lektsii [Russian criminal law. General part. A course
of lectures]. Moscow: Bek, 1996. 550 p.
33. Nepomnyashchaya T.V. Punishment and measures of criminal law in the system of measures to counter crime. In:
Protivodeistvie prestupnosti: ugolovno-pravovye, kriminologicheskie i ugolovno-pravovye aspekty: materialy III Rossiiskogo
Kongressa ugolovnogo prava [Combating crime: criminal law, criminological and criminal law aspects: Proceedings of the
3rd Russian Congress on criminal law]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2008. Pp. 86–89.
34. Nepomnyashchaya T.V., Stepashin V.M. Problemy naznacheniya nakazaniya: uchebnoe posobie [Problems of
sentencing: a textbook]. Omsk: Izd-vo Omskogo gos. un-ta, 2011. 590 p.
35. Paltser A.R. Osvobozhdenie ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti po sovetskomu ugolovnomu pravu: avtoreferat dissertatsii
na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Exemption from criminal liability under Soviet criminal law:
Candidate of Sciences (Law) dissertation abstract]. Tartu, 1966. 18 p.
36. Ponyatovskaya T.G. Crime prevention: security measures, administrative supervision. Kriminologicheskii zhurnal
Baikal’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava = Criminology Journal of Baikal National University of
Economics and Law, 2013, no. 3, pp. 98–103. (In Russian).
37. Radaev A.G. About the notion of “measures of criminal law”. In: Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya razvitiya v XXI veke:
materialy Vos’moi Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Criminal law: development strategy in the 21st
century:Proceedings of the 8th international research-to-practice conference]. Moscow: MGYuA, 2011. Pp. 318–322.
38. Skobelin S.Yu. The essence and content of criminal law measures, alternative to punishment. Yuridicheskaya nauka i
pravookhranitel’naya praktika = Legal Science and Law Enforcement Practice, 2009, no. 4 (10), pp. 57–62. (In Russ.).
39. Skripchenko N.Yu. Legal regulation of other criminal law measures: realities and prospects for improvement. In:
Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya razvitiya v XXI veke: materialy IX Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Criminal
law: development strategy in the 21st century: Proceedings of the 9th international research-to-practice conference].
Moscow: Prospekt, 2012. Pp. 289–293.
40. Tarbagaev A.N. Responsibility in criminal law. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Pravovedenie = Proceedings of
Higher Educational Institutions. Pravovedenie, 1994, no. 3, pp. 102–106. (In Russ.).
41. BrilliantovA.V. (Ed.). Ugolovnoe pravo Rossii. Chasti Obshchaya i Osobennaya: uchebnik [Criminal law of Russia. The
general and the special part: a textbook]. Moscow, 2008. 1180 p.
42. Aslanov R.M., Boitsov A.I., Matsnev N.I. (Eds.). Ugolovnyi kodeks Respubliki Belarus’ [Criminal Code of the Republic
of Belarus]. Saint Petersburg: Yuridicheskii tsentr Press, 2001. 474 p.
43. Filimonov V.D. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost’ po rossiiskomu zakonodatel’stvu [Criminal liability under Russian
legislation]. Moscow: YurInfoR-MGU, 2008. 247 p.
44. Shchedrin N.V., Kamylina O.M. Russian criminal law in the context of doctrinal models of building criminal law sanctions.
Kriminologicheskii zhurnal Baikal’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava = Criminology Journal of Baikal
National University of Economics and Law, 2008, no. 3, pp. 40–49. (In Russ.).
[Compulsory measures of educational influence as an alternative to the punishment of minors]. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2008.
192 p.
2. Brilliantov A.V. Osvobozhdenie ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti: s uchetom obobshcheniya sudebnoi praktiki: nauchnoprakticheskoe posobie [Exemption from criminal liability: taking into account the generalization of judicial practice: research
and practice textbook]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2014. 111 p.
3. Gareev M.F. Tseli inykh mer ugolovno-pravovogo kharaktera i sredstva ikh dostizheniya po rossiiskomu ugolovnomu
pravu: dissertatsiya na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Goals of other criminal law measures and
means of achieving them in Russian criminal law: Candidate of Sciences (Law) dissertation].Kazan, 2005. 198 p.
4. Gorobtsov V.I. Development of the theory of criminal law enforcement in the new Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
In: Aktual’nye problemy teorii ugolovnogo prava i pravoprimenitel’noi praktiki: mezhvuzovskii sbornik nauchnykh trudov
[Topical issues of the theory of criminal law and law enforcement practice: a collection of scientific papers]. Krasnoyarsk:
KrVShMVDRF, 1997. Pp. 60–67. (In Russ.).
5. Grammatchikov M.V. Sudimost’: istoricheskii, ugolovno-pravovoi i ugolovno-ispolnitel’nyi aspekty: avtoreferat
dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Criminal record: historical, criminal-legal and
penal aspects: Candidate of Sciences (Law) dissertation abstract].Krasnoyarsk, 2002. 23 p.
6. Grebenkin F.B. The concept, features and types of other measures of a criminal-legal nature. In: Sistemnost’ v
ugolovnom prave: Materialy II Rossiiskogo Kongressa ugolovnogo prava [Consistency in criminal law. Proceedings of the
second Russian Congress on Criminal Law]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2007. Pp. 125–127. (In Russ.).
7. Duyunov V.K. Ugolovno-pravovoe vozdeistvie: teoriya i praktika [Criminal law impact: theory and practice]. Moscow:
Nauchnaya kniga, 2003. 520 p.
8. Egorov V.S. Voprosy pravovogo regulirovaniya mer ugolovno-pravovogo prinuzhdeniya [Issues of legal regulation of
criminal law enforcement measures]. Moscow: Izd-vo Moskovskogo psikhologo-sotsial’nogo in-ta; Voronezh: Izd-vo NPO
“MODEK”, 2006. 309 p.
9. Endol’tseva A.V. Institut osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti: teoreticheskie, zakonodatel’nye
i pravoprimenitel’nye problemy: avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni doktora yuridicheskikh nauk [Institute
of exemption from criminal liability: theoretical, legislative and law enforcement problems: Doctor of Sciences (Law)
dissertation abstract]. Moscow, 2005. 50 p.
10. Zagorodnikov N.I. On the limits of criminal liability. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo = Soviet State and Law, 1967, no. 7,
pp. 39–46. (In Russ.).
11. Zvecharovskii I. Criminal law measures: concept, system, types. Zakonnost’=Legality, 1999, no. 3, pp. 36–39.
(In Russ.).
12. Zemlyukov S.V. The concept and content of criminal law measures.In: Gosudarstvo i pravo na rubezhe vekov:
Kriminologiya, ugolovnoe pravo, sudebnoe pravo: materialy Vserossiiskoi konferentsii [State and law at the turn of the
century:Criminology, criminal law, judicial law: Proceedings of the all-Russian conference]. Moscow: In-t gosudarstva
i prava RAN, 2001. Pp. 29–36. (In Russ.).
13. Kalinina T.M. Administrative supervision as another measure of criminal law. In: Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya razvitiya v
XXI veke: materialy IX Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Criminal law: development strategy in the 21st
century. Proceedings of the 9th research-to-practice conference]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2012. Pp. 300–307. (In Russ.).
14. Kaplin M.N. On criminal law measures. In: Aktual’nye problemy differentsiatsii ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti
i zakonodatel’noi tekhniki v ugolovnom prave i protsesse: sbornik nauchnykh statei. Yaroslavl: Izd-vo Yarosl. un-ta, 2003.
Pp. 169–176. (In Russ.).
15. Karelin D.V. Prinuditel’nye mery vospitatel’nogo vozdeistviya kak al’ternativa ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti: dissertatsiya
na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Compulsory measures of educational influence as an
alternative to criminal liability:Candidate of Sciences (Law) dissertation]. Tomsk, 2001. 269 p.
16. Kelina S.G. “Other measures of a criminal law nature” as an institute of criminal law.In: Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya
razvitiya v XXI veke: materialy 4-i Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Criminal law: development strategy in
the 21st century. Proceedings of the 4th international research-to-practice conference]. Moscow: Velbi, 2007. Pp. 283–288.
17. Kelina S.G. Measures of responsibility provided for by the criminal law and the grounds for their application. Sovetskoe
gosudarstvo i pravo = Soviet State and Law, 1982, no. 5. pp. 100–108. (In Russ.).
18. Kelina S.G. Punishment and other criminal law measures. Gosudarstvo i pravo = State and Law, 2007, no. 6. pp. 51–58.
(In Russ.).
19. Kelina S.G. Teoreticheskie voprosy osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti [Theoretical issues of exemption
from criminal liability]. Moscow: Nauka, 1974. 231 p.
20. Kondalov A.N. Uslovnoe osuzhdenie i mekhanizmy ego obespecheniya: dissertatsiya na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni
kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Suspended sentence and mechanisms of its provision: Candidate of Sciences (Law)
dissertation]. Kazan, 2000. 180 p.
21. Kurganov S. Criminal law measures. Ugolovnoe pravo = Criminal Law, 2007, no. 2, pp. 59–63. (In Russ.).
22. Lesnichenko I.P. Ponyatie i osnovanie ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti: lektsiya [The notion and basis of criminal liability:
a lecture]. Stavropol: Servisshkola, 2005. 59 p.
23. Lopashenko N.A. Konfiskatsiya imushchestva [Confiscation of property]. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2012. 160 p.
24. Magomedov A.A. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost’ i osvobozhdenie ot nee: evolyutsiya pravovykh vozzrenii i sovremennost’:
avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni doktora yuridicheskikh nauk [Criminal liability and exemption from it:
evolution of legal views and modernity:Doctor of Sciences (Law) dissertation abstract]. Moscow,1998. 57 p.
25. Mal’tsev V.V. Vvedenie v ugolovnoe pravo [Introduction to criminal law]. Volgograd: Volgogr. yurid. in-t MVD Rossii,
2000. 204 p.
26. Mal’tsev V.V. Problemy osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti i nakazaniya v ugolovnom prave [Problems of
exemption from criminal liability and punishment in criminal law]. Volgograd: VA MVD Rossii, 2004. 209 p.
27. Medvedev E. The concept and types of other criminal law measures applied for the commission of crimes. Ugolovnoe
pravo = Criminal Law, 2009, no. 5, pp. 46–51. (In Russ.).
28. Medvedev E.V. The concept and essence of suspended sentence as a tool of criminal law impact. Obshchestvo i pravo =
Society and Law, 2010, no. 2 (29), pp. 107–112. (In Russ.).
29. Muzenik A.K. Differentiation of criminal liability: forms and types. In: Ugolovnoe pravo i sovremennost’: mezhvuzovskii
sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Criminal law and modernity. Inter-university collection of scientific papers]. Krasnoyarsk: KrVSh
MVD RF, 1998. Pp. 21–26. (In Russ.).
30. Nabiullin F.K. Nekaratel’nye mery ugolovno-pravovogo kharaktera: priroda, sistema i sotsial’no-pravovoe naznachenie:
avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Non-punitive criminal-legal measures:
nature, system and socio-legal purpose: Candidate of Sciences (Law) dissertation abstract]. Kazan, 2008. 23 p.
31. Nazarenko G.V. Criminal law measures that are not a punishment. In: Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya razvitiya v XXI
veke: materialy XVII Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Criminal law: development strategy in the 21st
century:Proceedings of the 17th international research-to-practice conference]. Moscow: RG-Press, 2010. Pp. 22–26.
32. Naumov A.V. Rossiiskoe ugolovnoe pravo. Obshchaya chast’: kurs lektsii [Russian criminal law. General part. A course
of lectures]. Moscow: Bek, 1996. 550 p.
33. Nepomnyashchaya T.V. Punishment and measures of criminal law in the system of measures to counter crime. In:
Protivodeistvie prestupnosti: ugolovno-pravovye, kriminologicheskie i ugolovno-pravovye aspekty: materialy III Rossiiskogo
Kongressa ugolovnogo prava [Combating crime: criminal law, criminological and criminal law aspects: Proceedings of the
3rd Russian Congress on criminal law]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2008. Pp. 86–89.
34. Nepomnyashchaya T.V., Stepashin V.M. Problemy naznacheniya nakazaniya: uchebnoe posobie [Problems of
sentencing: a textbook]. Omsk: Izd-vo Omskogo gos. un-ta, 2011. 590 p.
35. Paltser A.R. Osvobozhdenie ot ugolovnoi otvetstvennosti po sovetskomu ugolovnomu pravu: avtoreferat dissertatsii
na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk [Exemption from criminal liability under Soviet criminal law:
Candidate of Sciences (Law) dissertation abstract]. Tartu, 1966. 18 p.
36. Ponyatovskaya T.G. Crime prevention: security measures, administrative supervision. Kriminologicheskii zhurnal
Baikal’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava = Criminology Journal of Baikal National University of
Economics and Law, 2013, no. 3, pp. 98–103. (In Russian).
37. Radaev A.G. About the notion of “measures of criminal law”. In: Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya razvitiya v XXI veke:
materialy Vos’moi Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Criminal law: development strategy in the 21st
century:Proceedings of the 8th international research-to-practice conference]. Moscow: MGYuA, 2011. Pp. 318–322.
38. Skobelin S.Yu. The essence and content of criminal law measures, alternative to punishment. Yuridicheskaya nauka i
pravookhranitel’naya praktika = Legal Science and Law Enforcement Practice, 2009, no. 4 (10), pp. 57–62. (In Russ.).
39. Skripchenko N.Yu. Legal regulation of other criminal law measures: realities and prospects for improvement. In:
Ugolovnoe pravo: strategiya razvitiya v XXI veke: materialy IX Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Criminal
law: development strategy in the 21st century: Proceedings of the 9th international research-to-practice conference].
Moscow: Prospekt, 2012. Pp. 289–293.
40. Tarbagaev A.N. Responsibility in criminal law. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Pravovedenie = Proceedings of
Higher Educational Institutions. Pravovedenie, 1994, no. 3, pp. 102–106. (In Russ.).
41. BrilliantovA.V. (Ed.). Ugolovnoe pravo Rossii. Chasti Obshchaya i Osobennaya: uchebnik [Criminal law of Russia. The
general and the special part: a textbook]. Moscow, 2008. 1180 p.
42. Aslanov R.M., Boitsov A.I., Matsnev N.I. (Eds.). Ugolovnyi kodeks Respubliki Belarus’ [Criminal Code of the Republic
of Belarus]. Saint Petersburg: Yuridicheskii tsentr Press, 2001. 474 p.
43. Filimonov V.D. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost’ po rossiiskomu zakonodatel’stvu [Criminal liability under Russian
legislation]. Moscow: YurInfoR-MGU, 2008. 247 p.
44. Shchedrin N.V., Kamylina O.M. Russian criminal law in the context of doctrinal models of building criminal law sanctions.
Kriminologicheskii zhurnal Baikal’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava = Criminology Journal of Baikal
National University of Economics and Law, 2008, no. 3, pp. 40–49. (In Russ.).
