Journal section JURISPRUDENCE
Justice as a function of judiciary in the modern Russia
The article discusses the concept, characteristics and content of justice as one of the most important means of protection by citizens their rights and freedoms. It is substantiated that the court is the only state authority that has exclusive powers for the dispensation of justice; it is refuted by the opinion of some researchers that other state bodies can be subjects of justice along with the courts. Judicial power is realized through a rather complicated process, which contains a court activity that is clearly regulated by the norms of law. However in practice there are situations that impede the implementation of justice, especially in the field of criminal law. It is revealed that it is necessary to make some clarifications in the existing criminal legislation in the light of the improvement of the protection of justice. Analyzing the concept of justice the author comes to the conclusion that it should be distinguished from legal proceedings, which, although they are close, do not coincide in content. The author formulates his concept of justice. Attention is paid to the peculiarity of its consideration, and such forms of criminal and civil justice as constitutional, arbitration, and administrative are indicated.
Keywords: court; justice; judicial branch; judicial control; legal proceedings; constitutional justice.
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Аssociate Professor of Theory and History of State and Law of the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, PhD. in Law, Associate Professor
, e-mail vimvdtgp@mail.ru
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18. Petruhin I. L. Teoreticheskie osnovy ehffektivnosti pravosudiya [Theoretical foundations of the effectiveness of justice].
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19. Pravosudie kak ob»ekt ugolovno-pravovoj ohrany (problemy zakonodatel’noj reglamentacii, teorii i praktiki) /
I. V. Dvoryanskov i dr. [Justice as an object of criminal law protection (problems of legislative regulation, theory and practice) / I. V. Dvoryanskov et al.]. Makhachkala, 2003. 235 p. (In Russ.).
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of the Russian Federation : Federal Law from 18.12.2011 No. 174-FL]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva Ros. Federacii – Collection of
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Ros. yusticiya – Russian justice. 2012. Iss. 4. P. 57–62. (In Russ.).
criminal process]. Bozh’ev V. K. Izbrannye trudy – Selected Works. Moscow, 2010. 654 p. (In Russ.).
2. Vseobshchaya deklaraciya prav cheloveka : prinyata i provozglashena rezolyuciej 217 A (III) General’noj Assamblei OON
ot 10.12.1948 [Universal Declaration of Human Rights : adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly United Nations
resolution 217 A (III) from 10.12.1948]. Ros. gas. – Russian newspaper. 1995. April, 5. (In Russ.).
3. Dal’ V. I. Tolkovyj slovar’ zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka : v 4 t. [Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language :
in 4 vol.]. Moscow, 1993. Vol. 3. (In Russ.).
4. Denisov S. A. Aktual’nye problemy ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya : avtoref. dis. ... d-ra
yurid. nauk [Actual problems of criminal responsibility for crimes against justice : the author’s abstract of the diss. ... Dsc.
in Law]. St. Petersburg, 2002. 51 p. (In Russ.).
5. Konstituciya Rossijskoj Federacii : prinyata na vsenarodnym golosovanii 12.12.1993, s izm. ot 21.07.2014 [The
Constitution of the Russian Federation : adopted at the popular vote on 12.12.1993, as amended from 21.07.2014]. Ros.
gas. – Russian newspaper. 1993. Iss. 197. (In Russ.).
6. Korobejnikov A. A. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost’ za vosprepyatstvovanie k osushchestvleniyu pravosudiya i proizvodstvu
predvaritel’nogo rassledovaniya : avtoref. dis ... kand. yurid. nauk [Criminal liability for obstruction to the administration of
justice and the preliminary investigation : the author’s abstract of the diss. ... PhD. In Law]. Stavropol, 2003. 32 p. (In Russ.).
7. Lobanova L. V. Prestupleniya protiv pravosudiya: teoreticheskie problemy klassifikacii i zakonodatel’noj reglamentacii :
monogr. [Crimes against justice: theoretical problems of classification and legislative regulation : monograph]. Volgograd,
1999. P. 23. (In Russ.).
8. Moskvitina T. A. Nekotorye predlozheniya po sovershenstvovaniyu proekta Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii
[Some suggestions for improving the draft Criminal Code of the Russian Federation]. Voprosy ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti i ee
differenciacii (v proekte Osobennoj chasti Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii) – Questions of criminal responsibility
and its differentiation (in the draft of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Yaroslavl, 1994.
190 p. (In Russ.).
9. O mirovyh sud’yah v Rossijskoj Federacii : feder. zakon ot 17.12.1998 № 188-FZ [On the magistrates in the Russian
Federation : Federal Law from 17.12.1998 No. 188-FL]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva Ros. Federacii – Collection of legislation of
the Russian Federation. 1998. Iss. 51. Art. 6270. (In Russ.).
10. O sudah obshchej yurisdikcii v Rossijskoj Federacii : feder. konstituc. zakon ot 07.02.2011 № 1-FKZ [On the courts of
general jurisdiction in the Russian Federation : federal constitutional law from 07.02.2011 No. 1-FCL]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva
Ros. Federacii – Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 2011. Iss. 7. Art. 898. (In Russ.).
11. O sudebnoj sisteme Rossijskoj Federacii : feder. konstituc. zakon ot 31.12.1996 № 1-FKZ (s izm. i dop. ot 05.02.2014)
[On the judicial system of the Russian Federation : federal constitutional law from 31.12.1996 No. 1-FCL (as amended and
added from 05.02.2014)]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva Ros. Federacii – Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 1997.
Iss. 1. Art. 1. (In Russ.).
12. O sudoustrojstve RSFSR : zakon RSFSR ot 08.07.1981 [On the judicial system of the RSFSR : Law of the RSFSR from
08.07.1981]. Vedomosti S»ezda narod. deputatov RSFSR – Journal of the Congress of People’s Deputies of the RSFSR.
1981. Iss. 28. Art. 976. (In Russ.).
13. Ob arbitrazhnyh sudah v Rossijskoj Federacii : feder. konstituc. zakon ot 28.04.1995 № 1-FKZ [On Arbitration Courts
in the Russian Federation : Federal Constitutional Law of 28.04.1995 No. 1-FCL]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva Ros. Federacii –
Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 1995. Iss. 18. Art. 1589. (In Russ.).
14. Ob otvetstvennosti za neuvazhenie k sudu : zakon SSSR ot 02.11.1989 [On liability for contempt of court : USSR Law
from 02.11.1989]. Vedomosti S»ezda narod. deputatov i Verhov. Soveta RSFSR – Journal of the Congress of People’s
Deputies and the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. 1989. Iss. 22. Art. 418. (In Russ.).
15. Ob uchrezhdeniyah i organah, ispolnyayushchih ugolovnye nakazaniya v vide lisheniya svobody : zakon Rossijskoj
Federacii ot 21.07.1993 № 5473-1 [On institutions and bodies executing criminal penalties in the form of deprivation of
liberty : Law of the Russian Federation of 21.07.1993 No. 5473-1]. Vedomosti S»ezda narod. deputatov i Verhov. Soveta
RSFSR – Journal of the Congress of People’s Deputies and the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. 1993. Iss. 33. Art. 1316. (In
Russ.).
16. Ozhegov S. I., SHvedova N. YU. Tolkovyj slovar’ russkogo yazyka [Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language].
Moscow, 1995. (In Russ.).
17. Petruhin I. L. Sudebnaya vlast’: kontrol’ za rassledovaniem prestuplenij [Judicial power: control over the investigation of
crimes.]. Moscow, 2008. 233 p. (In Russ.).
18. Petruhin I. L. Teoreticheskie osnovy ehffektivnosti pravosudiya [Theoretical foundations of the effectiveness of justice].
Moscow, 1979. 232 p. (In Russ.).
19. Pravosudie kak ob»ekt ugolovno-pravovoj ohrany (problemy zakonodatel’noj reglamentacii, teorii i praktiki) /
I. V. Dvoryanskov i dr. [Justice as an object of criminal law protection (problems of legislative regulation, theory and practice) / I. V. Dvoryanskov et al.]. Makhachkala, 2003. 235 p. (In Russ.).
20. Ugolovno-processual’nyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii : feder. zakon ot 18.12.2011 № 174-FZ [Criminal Procedure Code
of the Russian Federation : Federal Law from 18.12.2011 No. 174-FL]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva Ros. Federacii – Collection of
legislation of the Russian Federation. 2001. Iss. 52 (part I). Art. 4921. (In Russ.).
21. Hacharoev H. D. K voprosu o ponyatii i sushchnosti pravosudiya [To the question of the concept and essence of justice].
Ros. yusticiya – Russian justice. 2012. Iss. 4. P. 57–62. (In Russ.).
