Journal section JURISPRUDENCE
Forms of the exercise of judicial power in criminal proceedings in the context of the procedural status of the court as a participant in criminal proceedings
The article analyzes the procedural status of the court as a participant in criminal
proceedings, taking into account the specifics of its legal status and its functions. The
legal status of the court in criminal proceedings is determined by the lack of public or
personal interest in the outcome of the criminal case, which not only determines the
adversarial form of proceedings, but also guarantees the independence of the judiciary
in the administration of justice. The author comes to the conclusion that the concept of
“court” is collective, because, on the one hand, it is a state institution that is part of the
judicial system, on the other hand, a judge is a carrier of power, considering a criminal
case on the merits and making decisions stipulated by by law. The judicial system has a
sign of instancedness, due to its internal hierarchical structure. The presence of judicial
instances predetermines the movement of a criminal case, is a structural mechanism for
the implementation of the function of internal judicial control and supervision and also
protects the rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings and
other interested parties. The powers of the court are considered on the basis of a functional
criterion, namely: resolution of the criminal case on the merits; control over the activities
of preliminary investigation bodies; consideration of complaints about actions (inaction)
and decisions of officials conducting criminal proceedings; response to the violations of
the rights and freedoms of citizens, the principle of legality, established circumstances
that contributed to the commission of a crime committed during the criminal proceedings
by issuing a private ruling or decision.
Keywords: court; substantive resolution of the criminal case; judicial control; authorization; complaint; coercive measures; investigative actions
-
Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and
Criminal Proceeding of the Voronezh State Agrarian Emperor Peter I University,
PhD. in Law
ORCID 0000-0001-6838-4846
, e-mail lawyer.vrn@mail.ru
1. Amel’kov N. S. Zayavitel’ v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve Rossii [The applicant in the criminal proceedings of Russia].
Aktual’nye problemy rossijskogo prava – Actual problems of Russian law, 2013, no. 5, pp. 590–594. (In Russ.).
2. Bannikov I. A. Princip osushchestvleniya pravosudiya tol’ko sudom: istoriko-pravovoj aspekt [The principle of the
administration of justice only by the court: historical and legal aspect]. Arbitrazhnyj i grazhdanskij process – Arbitration and
civil proceedings, 2017, no. 2, pp. 52–57. (In Russ.).
3. Barabash A. S. Osnovaniya dlya izbraniya zaklyucheniya pod strazhu, domashnego aresta, zaloga i ih dokazyvanie
[Grounds for the election of detention, house arrest, bail and their proof]. Rossijskij yuridicheskij zhurnal – Russian Law
Journal, 2016, no. 5, pp. 143–149. (In Russ.).
4. Burmagin S. V. Status i deyatel’nost’ suda v ugolovnom processe [Status and activity of the court in criminal proceedings].
Moscow, 2016. 304 p. (In Russ.).
5. Bykov V. M. Problemy suda pervoj instancii [Trial court issues]. Rossijskaya yusticiya – Russian justice, 2015, no. 3,
pp. 25–27. (In Russ.).
6. Vasyukov V. F. Nekotorye voprosy provedeniya sledstvennyh dejstvij, napravlennyh na obnaruzhenie, fiksaciyu i iz»yatie
elektronnyh soobshchenij, peredannyh posredstvom mobil’nyh abonentskih ustrojstv sotovoj svyazi [Some issues of
investigative actions aimed at detecting, recording and seizing electronic messages transmitted by mobile subscriber
cellular devices]. Rossijskij sledovatel’ – Russian investigator, 2016, no. 23, pp. 15–18. (In Russ.).
7. Vilkova T. YU. Princip neprikosnovennosti zhilishcha v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: pravovye osnovy, soderzhanie,
garantii [The principle of the inviolability of the home in criminal proceedings: legal basis, content, guarantees]. Aktual’nye
problemy rossijskogo prava – Actual problems of Russian law, 2015, no. 2, pp. 103–107. (In Russ.).
8. Voskobitova L. A. Sushchestvennye narusheniya ugolovno-processual’nogo zakona kak osnovanie k otmene prigovora.
Diss. kand. yurid. nauk [Significant violations of the criminal procedure law as a basis for the annulment of the sentence.
Diss. PhD. in Law]. Moscow, 1979. 186 p. (In Russ.).
9. Kachalova O. V. Funkcii suda v sovremennom rossijskom ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve [The functions of the court in
modern Russian criminal proceedings]. Rossijskij sud’ya – Russian judge, 2014, no. 1, pp. 8–10. (In Russ.).
10. Kovaleva S. I. K voprosu ob uchastii sud’i v dokazyvanii pri osushchestvlenii sudebnogo kontrolya na predvaritel’nom
rassledovanii [On the issue of a judge’s participation in evidence during judicial control at the preliminary investigation].
Rossijskaya yusticiya – Russian justice, 2014, no. 4, pp. 23–26. (In Russ.).
11. Konyarova ZH. K. Realizaciya diskrecionnyh polnomochij prokurora pri izbranii mery presecheniya v vide zaklyucheniya
pod strazhu po hodatajstvu sledovatelya [Realization of the discretionary powers of the prosecutor when choosing a
preventive measure in the form of custody at the request of the investigator]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo universiteta – Bulletin
of the Orenburg University, 2008, no. 83, pp. 41–43. (In Russ.).
12. Lopatkina N. A. Institut sudebnogo kontrolya na dosudebnyh stadiyah ugolovnogo processa Rossii. Diss. kand. yurid.
nauk [Institute of judicial control at the pre-trial stages of the criminal process of Russia. Diss. PhD. in Law]. Moscow, 2002.
187 p. (In Russ.).
13. Pechegin D. A. Sostyazatel’noe nachalo ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva [Adversarial start of criminal proceedings].
Rossijskij zhurnal pravovyh issledovanij – Russian Journal of Legal Studies, 2017, no. 1, pp. 171–176. (In Russ.).
14. Lebedev V. M. (red.) Praktika primeneniya Ugolovno-processual’nogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii. Aktual’nye voprosy
sudebnoj praktiki, rekomendacii sudej Verhovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii po primeneniyu ugolovno-processual’nogo
zakonodatel’stva na osnove novejshej sudebnoj praktiki [The practice of applying the Code of Criminal Procedure of the
Russian Federation. Actual issues of judicial practice, recommendations of judges of the Supreme Court of the Russian
Federation on the application of criminal procedure legislation based on the latest judicial practice]. Moscow, 2016. 231 p.
(In Russ.).
15. Ryabceva E. V. Pravosudie v ugolovnom processe Rossii [Justice in the criminal process of Russia]. Moscow, 2010.
400 p. (In Russ.).
16. Stel’mah V.YU. Nesoblyudenie processual’noj formy sledstvennyh dejstvij: vidy i posledstviya [Non-compliance with
the procedural form of investigative actions: types and consequences]. Ugolovnoe pravo – Criminal law, 2015, no. 6, pp.
108–117. (In Russ.).
17. SHejfer S. A. Dokazatel’stva i dokazyvanie po ugolovnym delam [Evidence and proving in criminal matters]. Moscow,
2008. 125 p. (In Russ.).
Aktual’nye problemy rossijskogo prava – Actual problems of Russian law, 2013, no. 5, pp. 590–594. (In Russ.).
2. Bannikov I. A. Princip osushchestvleniya pravosudiya tol’ko sudom: istoriko-pravovoj aspekt [The principle of the
administration of justice only by the court: historical and legal aspect]. Arbitrazhnyj i grazhdanskij process – Arbitration and
civil proceedings, 2017, no. 2, pp. 52–57. (In Russ.).
3. Barabash A. S. Osnovaniya dlya izbraniya zaklyucheniya pod strazhu, domashnego aresta, zaloga i ih dokazyvanie
[Grounds for the election of detention, house arrest, bail and their proof]. Rossijskij yuridicheskij zhurnal – Russian Law
Journal, 2016, no. 5, pp. 143–149. (In Russ.).
4. Burmagin S. V. Status i deyatel’nost’ suda v ugolovnom processe [Status and activity of the court in criminal proceedings].
Moscow, 2016. 304 p. (In Russ.).
5. Bykov V. M. Problemy suda pervoj instancii [Trial court issues]. Rossijskaya yusticiya – Russian justice, 2015, no. 3,
pp. 25–27. (In Russ.).
6. Vasyukov V. F. Nekotorye voprosy provedeniya sledstvennyh dejstvij, napravlennyh na obnaruzhenie, fiksaciyu i iz»yatie
elektronnyh soobshchenij, peredannyh posredstvom mobil’nyh abonentskih ustrojstv sotovoj svyazi [Some issues of
investigative actions aimed at detecting, recording and seizing electronic messages transmitted by mobile subscriber
cellular devices]. Rossijskij sledovatel’ – Russian investigator, 2016, no. 23, pp. 15–18. (In Russ.).
7. Vilkova T. YU. Princip neprikosnovennosti zhilishcha v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: pravovye osnovy, soderzhanie,
garantii [The principle of the inviolability of the home in criminal proceedings: legal basis, content, guarantees]. Aktual’nye
problemy rossijskogo prava – Actual problems of Russian law, 2015, no. 2, pp. 103–107. (In Russ.).
8. Voskobitova L. A. Sushchestvennye narusheniya ugolovno-processual’nogo zakona kak osnovanie k otmene prigovora.
Diss. kand. yurid. nauk [Significant violations of the criminal procedure law as a basis for the annulment of the sentence.
Diss. PhD. in Law]. Moscow, 1979. 186 p. (In Russ.).
9. Kachalova O. V. Funkcii suda v sovremennom rossijskom ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve [The functions of the court in
modern Russian criminal proceedings]. Rossijskij sud’ya – Russian judge, 2014, no. 1, pp. 8–10. (In Russ.).
10. Kovaleva S. I. K voprosu ob uchastii sud’i v dokazyvanii pri osushchestvlenii sudebnogo kontrolya na predvaritel’nom
rassledovanii [On the issue of a judge’s participation in evidence during judicial control at the preliminary investigation].
Rossijskaya yusticiya – Russian justice, 2014, no. 4, pp. 23–26. (In Russ.).
11. Konyarova ZH. K. Realizaciya diskrecionnyh polnomochij prokurora pri izbranii mery presecheniya v vide zaklyucheniya
pod strazhu po hodatajstvu sledovatelya [Realization of the discretionary powers of the prosecutor when choosing a
preventive measure in the form of custody at the request of the investigator]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo universiteta – Bulletin
of the Orenburg University, 2008, no. 83, pp. 41–43. (In Russ.).
12. Lopatkina N. A. Institut sudebnogo kontrolya na dosudebnyh stadiyah ugolovnogo processa Rossii. Diss. kand. yurid.
nauk [Institute of judicial control at the pre-trial stages of the criminal process of Russia. Diss. PhD. in Law]. Moscow, 2002.
187 p. (In Russ.).
13. Pechegin D. A. Sostyazatel’noe nachalo ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva [Adversarial start of criminal proceedings].
Rossijskij zhurnal pravovyh issledovanij – Russian Journal of Legal Studies, 2017, no. 1, pp. 171–176. (In Russ.).
14. Lebedev V. M. (red.) Praktika primeneniya Ugolovno-processual’nogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii. Aktual’nye voprosy
sudebnoj praktiki, rekomendacii sudej Verhovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii po primeneniyu ugolovno-processual’nogo
zakonodatel’stva na osnove novejshej sudebnoj praktiki [The practice of applying the Code of Criminal Procedure of the
Russian Federation. Actual issues of judicial practice, recommendations of judges of the Supreme Court of the Russian
Federation on the application of criminal procedure legislation based on the latest judicial practice]. Moscow, 2016. 231 p.
(In Russ.).
15. Ryabceva E. V. Pravosudie v ugolovnom processe Rossii [Justice in the criminal process of Russia]. Moscow, 2010.
400 p. (In Russ.).
16. Stel’mah V.YU. Nesoblyudenie processual’noj formy sledstvennyh dejstvij: vidy i posledstviya [Non-compliance with
the procedural form of investigative actions: types and consequences]. Ugolovnoe pravo – Criminal law, 2015, no. 6, pp.
108–117. (In Russ.).
17. SHejfer S. A. Dokazatel’stva i dokazyvanie po ugolovnym delam [Evidence and proving in criminal matters]. Moscow,
2008. 125 p. (In Russ.).
