Problems of Qualifying Crimes against the Established Order of Service Committed by Employees of Institutions and Bodies of the Penal System
Shurukhnov N.G. Problems of qualifying crimes against the established order of service committed by employees of institutions and bodies of the penal system. Penitentiary Science, 2023, vol. 17, no. 1 (61), pp. 52–61. doi: 10.46741/2686-9764.2023.61.1.006
Crimes against the established order of service, committed by employees of institutions and bodies of the penal system, are determined by the legislator not in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but in Paragraph 5 of Part 2 of Article 157 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, which defines the competence of heads of institutions and bodies of the penal system to perform urgent investigative actions on the specified category of crimes for which the preliminary investigation is mandatory. Purpose: to answer the question posed by the law enforcement officer about which illegal acts relate to crimes against the established order of service, the subjects of which are penal system employees. The author identifies several independent research subjects: 1) norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; 2) Chapter 30 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, listing crimes against state power, the interests of public service and service in local self-government bodies; 3) certain provisions of the criminal codes of the RSFSR of 1922, 1926, 1960; 4) monographs of scientists; 5) textbooks that consider the specifics of crimes encroaching on state power, the interests of public service; 6) statistics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for 2021, revealing the categories of crimes taken into account and committed by employees of the penal system; 7) judicial practice, generalized and published by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the USSR, the Russian Federation; 8)Section V of the Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishments (1845); 9) federal laws regulating certain issues of public service; 10) the federal law, the law of the Russian Federation, the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, and regulations establishing the rules of service for the penal system employees. The volume and variety of the research subject require, in turn, the use of a number of scientific methods, such as description, comparison, specification, idealization, analogy, expert assessments, reference points, deduction, induction, and comparative legal research. Сonclusion: the wording of Paragraph 5 of Part 2 of Article 157 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation is not fully correct. It is hardly advisable to point out the “order of service”, which is the object of illegal activity of penal system employees, if this is not stated in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: Civil servant; employee of the penal system; crimes against state power, interests of public service, order of service
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