рубрика ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
Исследование самолегитимности тюремных работников в исправительных учреждениях Словении
Мешко Г., Хацин Р., Шишигина С. Н. Исследование самолегитимности тюремных работников в исправительных учреждениях Словении. Пенитенциарная наука. 2020; 14(3):315–324. DOI 10.46741/2686-9764-2020-14-3-315-324.
Статья освещает результаты научно-исследовательского проекта
«Легитимность полицейской деятельности, уголовное правосудие и исполнение
уголовных санкций», проведенного в 2013–2016 гг. при финансовой поддержке Словенского исследовательского агентства.
В последние годы исследователи самолегитимности в тюремной среде обратились к вопросу восприятия тюремными работниками самолегитимности и признали
необходимость его углубленного изучения. Целью исследования стало изучение
самолегитимности тюремных работников в контексте словенской тюремной среды.
В первой части статьи вводится понятие самолегитимности тюремного персонала,
рассматриваются теоретические аспекты двойственной природы легитимности, а
также особенности самолегитимности в тюремной среде. При этом тюремный персонал включает в себя как тюремных служащих, так и специализированный персонал. Во второй части статьи представлены результаты качественного исследования
самолегитимности тюремных работников, дается ее детальная характеристика.
Анализ ответов тюремных служащих и специализированных работников касался
вопросов легитимности, отношений с коллегами, руководителями, заключенными,
а также стресса и субкультуры тюремного персонала.
Результаты исследования показали, что отношения между персоналом и заключенными играют жизненно важную роль в установлении и поддержании порядка в
тюремной среде, а самолегитимность тюремного персонала является основой их
успешного взаимодействия с заключенными.
Ключевые слова: легитимность; самолегитимность; тюремный работник; исправительные учреждения; заключенные
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профессор Мариборского университета, г. Марибор, Словения, доктор юридических наук
ORCID 0000-0001-7466-0042
, e-mail mesko@fvv.uni-mb.si
-
доцент Мариборского университета, г. Марибор, Словения.
ORCID 0000-0003-2265-5422
, e-mail gorazd.mesko@fvv.uni-mb.si
-
научный сотрудник организационно-научного отдела Вологодского института права и экономики ФСИН России,
г. Вологда, Российская Федерация
ORCID 0000-0003-3158-9738
, e-mail sshishigina@inbox.ru
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vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 430–442. (In English).
2. Akoensi T. D. Perceptions of self-legitimacy and audience legitimacy among prison officers in Ghana. International
Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 2016, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 245–261. (In English).
3. Barbalet J. Emotions, Social Theory and Social Structure. Cambridge, 2001. (In English).
4. Barker R. Legitimating Identities. The Self-Presentation of Rulers and Subjects. Cambridge, 2001. (In English).
5. Bell C. M., Hughes-Jones J. Power, self-regulation and the moralization of behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 2008,
vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 503–514. (In English).
6. Beetham D. The Legitimation of Power. London, 1991. (In English).
7. Blasko B. L., Taxman F. Are supervision practices procedurally fair? Development and predictive utility of a procedural
justice measure for use in community corrections settings. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2018, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 402–
420. (In English).
8. Bottoms A., Tankebe J., ‘A voice within’. Powerholders’ perspectives on authorityand legitimacy. Legitimacy and Criminal
Justice. Oxford, 2013, pp. 60–82. (In English).
9. Bottoms A., Tankebe J. Beyond procedural justice. A dialogic approach to legitimacy in criminal justice. Journal
of Criminal Law and Criminology, 2012, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 119–170. (In English).
10. Bowker L. H. An essay on prison violence. The Prison Journal, 1983, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 24–31. (In English).
11. Brie D. M. The impact of prison conditions on staff well-being. International Journal of Offender Therapy and
Comparative Criminology, 2012, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 81–95. (In English).
12. Britton D. M. Perceptions of the work environment among correctional officers. Do race and sex matter? Criminology,
1997, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 85–105. (In English).
13. Brought P., Williams J. Managing occupational stress in a high-risk industry. Measuring the job demands of correctional
officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2007, vol. 34, no. 4., pp. 555–567. (In English).
14. Carson P. P., Carson K. D., Roe C. W. Social power bases. A meta-analytic examination of interrelationships and
outcomes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1993, vol. 23, no. 14, pp. 1150–1169. (In English).
15. Clay-Warner J. Organizational justice and job satisfaction. A test of three competing models. Social Justice Research,
2005, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 411–427. (In English).
16. Crawley E. Emotion and performance. Punishment & Society, 2004, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 411–427. (In English).
17. Cressey D. Prison organizations. Handbook of Organizations. Chicago, 1965, pp. 1023–1070. (In English).
18. Crewe B. The Prisoner Society. Power, Adaptation and Social Life in an English Prison. Oxford, 2009. (In English).
19. Finn P. Correctional officer stress. A cause for concern and additional help. Federal Probation, 1998, vol. 62, pp. 65–75.
(In English).
20. French J. R. P. Jr., Raven B. The bases of social power. Studies in Social Power. Ann Arbor, 1959, pp. 259–269.
(In English).
21. Garner B. K. Burnout among corrections-based drug treatment staff. Impact of individual and organizational factors.
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2007, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 510–522. (In English).
22. Genders E., Player E. Grendon. A Study of a Therapeutic Prison. Oxford, 1995. (In English).
23. Gilbert M. J. The illusion of structure. A critique of the classical model of organization and the discretionary power
of correctional officers. Criminal Justice Review, 1997, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 49–64. (In English).
24. Gordon J. A., Stichman A. J. The influence of rehabilitative and punishment ideology on correctional officers’ perceptions
of informal bases of power. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2015, vol. 60, no. 14,
pp. 1591–1608. (In English).
25. Hacin R. Prison officers’ training in Slovenia. Conference Proceedings “Criminal Justice and Security in Central and
Eastern Europe. Safety, Security, and Social Control in Local Communities”. Ljubljana, 2016, pp. 148–159. (In English).
26. Hacin R., Meško G. Differences in perception of self-legitimacy between prison officers and specialized workers in
Slovenian prisons. Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo – Journal of Criminalistics and Criminology, 2017, vol. 68, no. 4,
pp. 424–436. (In English).
27. Hepburn J. The exercise of power in coercive organizations. A study of prison guards. Criminology, 1985, vol. 23,
no. 1, pp. 146–164. (In English).
28. Hinsch W. Justice, legitimacy, and constitutional rights. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy,
2010, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 39–54. (In English).
29. Jennes V., Calvitam K. ‘It depends on the outcome’. Prisoners, grievances, and perceptions of procedural justice. Law
& Society Review, 2018, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 41–72. (In English).
30. Hirschi T. Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley, 1969. (In English).
31. Kaiser K., Reisig M. D. Legal socialization and self-reported criminal offending.The role of procedural justice and legal
orientations. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2019, vol. 35, iss. 1, pp. 135–154. (In English).
32. Kauffman K. Prison Officers and Their World. Cambridge, 1988. (In English).
33. Kelman H. C. Prison officers and their world. Public Opinion Quarterly, 1961, vol. 25, pp. 57–78. (In English).
34. Lambert E. G., Hogan N. L., Cheeseman K., Barton-Bellessa Sh. M. The relationship between job stressors and job
involvement among correctional staff. A test of the Job Strain Model. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 2013, vol. 52,
no. 1, pp. 125–146. (In English).
35. Lambert E. G., Jiang Sh. Sh., Hogan N. A preliminary examination of the relationshipbetween organizational structure
and emotional burnout among correctional staff. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, 2010, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 125–
146. (In English).
36. Lasky G. L., Gordon B. C., Srebalus D. J. Occupational stressors among federal correctional officers working in different
security levels. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1986, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 317–327. (In English).
37. Liebling A. Distinctions and distinctiveness in the work of prison officers. Legitimacy and authority revisited. European
Journal of Criminology, 2011, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 484–499. (In English).
38. Liebling A., Arnold H. Prisons and Their Moral Performance. A Study of Values, Quality, and Prison Life. Oxford, 2005.
(In English).
39. Liebling A., Price D. The Prison Officer. Cambridge, 2001. (In English).
40. Liebling A., Price D. An Exploration of Staff-Prisoners Relationships at HMP Whitemoor. London, 1999. (In English).
41. Mesec B. Uvod v kvalitativno raziskovanje v socialnem delu [Introduction to qualitative research in social work].
Ljubljana, 1998. (In Slovenian).
42. Meško G., Čuvan B., Tankebe J., Sifrer J. Samozaznava legitimnosti policistov in pravosodnih policistov v Sloveniji.
Perspektive postopkovne pravičnosti nadrejenih, odnosov s sodelavci in zaznane legitimnosti policije v javnosti [Selfperception of the legitimacy of police officers and judicial police officers in Slovenia. Perspectives of procedural justice
of superiors, relations with colleagues and perceived legitimacy of the police in public]. Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo –
Journal of Criminalistics and Criminology, 2014, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 221–231. (In Slovenian).
43. Moon B., Maxwell S. R. Assessing the correctional orientation of correctional officers in South Korea. International
Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2004, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 729–743. (In English).
44. Muir W. Police. Streetcorner Politicians. Chicago, 1977. (In English).
45. Pan P. J. D., Deng L. Y., Chang S. S., Jiang K. J. ‘Correctional officers’ perception of a solution-focused training program.
Potential implications for working with offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology,
2011, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 863–879. (In English).
46. Poole E. D., Regoli R. M. Work relations and cynicism among prison guards. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1980,
vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 303–314. (In English).
47. Reiter K. Making windows in walls. Strategies for prison research. Qualitative Inquiry, 2014, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 417–428.
(In English).
48. Shapira R., Navon D. Staff-inmate co-operation in Israeli prisons. Towards a non-functionalist theory of total institutions.
International Review of Modern Sociology, 1985, vol. 15, no. 1/2, pp. 131–146. (In English).
49. Sparks R., Bottoms A. E., Hay W. Prisons and the Problem of Order. Oxford, 1996. (In English).
50. Steiner B., Wooldredge J. Inmate versus environmental effects on prison rule violations. Criminal Justice and Behavior,
2008, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 438–456. (In English).
51. Stern V. Bricks of Shame. London, 1987. (In English).
52. Tait S. A typology of prison officer approaches to care. European Journal of Criminology, 2011, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 440–
454. (In English).
53. Tankebe J. Rigtful authority. Exploring the structure of police self-legitimacy. Crime, Justice and Social Order. Essays in
Honour of A. E. Bottoms. Oxford, 2014, pp. 1–30. (In English).
54. Tyler T. R. Why People Obey the Law. London, 1990. (In English).
55. Trammel R., Rundle M. M. The inmate as the nonperson. Examining staff conflict from the inmate’s perspective.
The Prison Journal, 2015, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 472–492. (In English).
56. Uprava Republike Slovenije za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij. Letno poročilo 2016, 2017 [Administration of the Republic
of Slovenia for the Execution of Criminal Sanctions. Annual Report 2016, 2017]. Available at: https://www.gov.si/assets/
organi-v-sestavi/IRSSS/POROCILA/51fab39528/Letno_porocilo_IRSSS_2017.pdf (accessed 02.06.2018). (In Slovenian).
57. Wright K. N. Job control and occupational outcomes among prison workers. Justice Quarterly, 1997, vol. 14, no. 3,
pp. 525–546. (In English).
58. Wacquant L. The prison is an outlaw institution. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 2012, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 1–15.
(In English).
and Europe from 2005 to 2014. Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo – Journal of Criminalistics and Criminology, 2016,
vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 430–442. (In English).
2. Akoensi T. D. Perceptions of self-legitimacy and audience legitimacy among prison officers in Ghana. International
Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 2016, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 245–261. (In English).
3. Barbalet J. Emotions, Social Theory and Social Structure. Cambridge, 2001. (In English).
4. Barker R. Legitimating Identities. The Self-Presentation of Rulers and Subjects. Cambridge, 2001. (In English).
5. Bell C. M., Hughes-Jones J. Power, self-regulation and the moralization of behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 2008,
vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 503–514. (In English).
6. Beetham D. The Legitimation of Power. London, 1991. (In English).
7. Blasko B. L., Taxman F. Are supervision practices procedurally fair? Development and predictive utility of a procedural
justice measure for use in community corrections settings. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2018, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 402–
420. (In English).
8. Bottoms A., Tankebe J., ‘A voice within’. Powerholders’ perspectives on authorityand legitimacy. Legitimacy and Criminal
Justice. Oxford, 2013, pp. 60–82. (In English).
9. Bottoms A., Tankebe J. Beyond procedural justice. A dialogic approach to legitimacy in criminal justice. Journal
of Criminal Law and Criminology, 2012, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 119–170. (In English).
10. Bowker L. H. An essay on prison violence. The Prison Journal, 1983, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 24–31. (In English).
11. Brie D. M. The impact of prison conditions on staff well-being. International Journal of Offender Therapy and
Comparative Criminology, 2012, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 81–95. (In English).
12. Britton D. M. Perceptions of the work environment among correctional officers. Do race and sex matter? Criminology,
1997, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 85–105. (In English).
13. Brought P., Williams J. Managing occupational stress in a high-risk industry. Measuring the job demands of correctional
officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2007, vol. 34, no. 4., pp. 555–567. (In English).
14. Carson P. P., Carson K. D., Roe C. W. Social power bases. A meta-analytic examination of interrelationships and
outcomes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1993, vol. 23, no. 14, pp. 1150–1169. (In English).
15. Clay-Warner J. Organizational justice and job satisfaction. A test of three competing models. Social Justice Research,
2005, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 411–427. (In English).
16. Crawley E. Emotion and performance. Punishment & Society, 2004, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 411–427. (In English).
17. Cressey D. Prison organizations. Handbook of Organizations. Chicago, 1965, pp. 1023–1070. (In English).
18. Crewe B. The Prisoner Society. Power, Adaptation and Social Life in an English Prison. Oxford, 2009. (In English).
19. Finn P. Correctional officer stress. A cause for concern and additional help. Federal Probation, 1998, vol. 62, pp. 65–75.
(In English).
20. French J. R. P. Jr., Raven B. The bases of social power. Studies in Social Power. Ann Arbor, 1959, pp. 259–269.
(In English).
21. Garner B. K. Burnout among corrections-based drug treatment staff. Impact of individual and organizational factors.
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2007, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 510–522. (In English).
22. Genders E., Player E. Grendon. A Study of a Therapeutic Prison. Oxford, 1995. (In English).
23. Gilbert M. J. The illusion of structure. A critique of the classical model of organization and the discretionary power
of correctional officers. Criminal Justice Review, 1997, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 49–64. (In English).
24. Gordon J. A., Stichman A. J. The influence of rehabilitative and punishment ideology on correctional officers’ perceptions
of informal bases of power. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2015, vol. 60, no. 14,
pp. 1591–1608. (In English).
25. Hacin R. Prison officers’ training in Slovenia. Conference Proceedings “Criminal Justice and Security in Central and
Eastern Europe. Safety, Security, and Social Control in Local Communities”. Ljubljana, 2016, pp. 148–159. (In English).
26. Hacin R., Meško G. Differences in perception of self-legitimacy between prison officers and specialized workers in
Slovenian prisons. Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo – Journal of Criminalistics and Criminology, 2017, vol. 68, no. 4,
pp. 424–436. (In English).
27. Hepburn J. The exercise of power in coercive organizations. A study of prison guards. Criminology, 1985, vol. 23,
no. 1, pp. 146–164. (In English).
28. Hinsch W. Justice, legitimacy, and constitutional rights. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy,
2010, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 39–54. (In English).
29. Jennes V., Calvitam K. ‘It depends on the outcome’. Prisoners, grievances, and perceptions of procedural justice. Law
& Society Review, 2018, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 41–72. (In English).
30. Hirschi T. Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley, 1969. (In English).
31. Kaiser K., Reisig M. D. Legal socialization and self-reported criminal offending.The role of procedural justice and legal
orientations. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2019, vol. 35, iss. 1, pp. 135–154. (In English).
32. Kauffman K. Prison Officers and Their World. Cambridge, 1988. (In English).
33. Kelman H. C. Prison officers and their world. Public Opinion Quarterly, 1961, vol. 25, pp. 57–78. (In English).
34. Lambert E. G., Hogan N. L., Cheeseman K., Barton-Bellessa Sh. M. The relationship between job stressors and job
involvement among correctional staff. A test of the Job Strain Model. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 2013, vol. 52,
no. 1, pp. 125–146. (In English).
35. Lambert E. G., Jiang Sh. Sh., Hogan N. A preliminary examination of the relationshipbetween organizational structure
and emotional burnout among correctional staff. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, 2010, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 125–
146. (In English).
36. Lasky G. L., Gordon B. C., Srebalus D. J. Occupational stressors among federal correctional officers working in different
security levels. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1986, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 317–327. (In English).
37. Liebling A. Distinctions and distinctiveness in the work of prison officers. Legitimacy and authority revisited. European
Journal of Criminology, 2011, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 484–499. (In English).
38. Liebling A., Arnold H. Prisons and Their Moral Performance. A Study of Values, Quality, and Prison Life. Oxford, 2005.
(In English).
39. Liebling A., Price D. The Prison Officer. Cambridge, 2001. (In English).
40. Liebling A., Price D. An Exploration of Staff-Prisoners Relationships at HMP Whitemoor. London, 1999. (In English).
41. Mesec B. Uvod v kvalitativno raziskovanje v socialnem delu [Introduction to qualitative research in social work].
Ljubljana, 1998. (In Slovenian).
42. Meško G., Čuvan B., Tankebe J., Sifrer J. Samozaznava legitimnosti policistov in pravosodnih policistov v Sloveniji.
Perspektive postopkovne pravičnosti nadrejenih, odnosov s sodelavci in zaznane legitimnosti policije v javnosti [Selfperception of the legitimacy of police officers and judicial police officers in Slovenia. Perspectives of procedural justice
of superiors, relations with colleagues and perceived legitimacy of the police in public]. Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo –
Journal of Criminalistics and Criminology, 2014, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 221–231. (In Slovenian).
43. Moon B., Maxwell S. R. Assessing the correctional orientation of correctional officers in South Korea. International
Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2004, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 729–743. (In English).
44. Muir W. Police. Streetcorner Politicians. Chicago, 1977. (In English).
45. Pan P. J. D., Deng L. Y., Chang S. S., Jiang K. J. ‘Correctional officers’ perception of a solution-focused training program.
Potential implications for working with offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology,
2011, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 863–879. (In English).
46. Poole E. D., Regoli R. M. Work relations and cynicism among prison guards. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1980,
vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 303–314. (In English).
47. Reiter K. Making windows in walls. Strategies for prison research. Qualitative Inquiry, 2014, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 417–428.
(In English).
48. Shapira R., Navon D. Staff-inmate co-operation in Israeli prisons. Towards a non-functionalist theory of total institutions.
International Review of Modern Sociology, 1985, vol. 15, no. 1/2, pp. 131–146. (In English).
49. Sparks R., Bottoms A. E., Hay W. Prisons and the Problem of Order. Oxford, 1996. (In English).
50. Steiner B., Wooldredge J. Inmate versus environmental effects on prison rule violations. Criminal Justice and Behavior,
2008, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 438–456. (In English).
51. Stern V. Bricks of Shame. London, 1987. (In English).
52. Tait S. A typology of prison officer approaches to care. European Journal of Criminology, 2011, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 440–
454. (In English).
53. Tankebe J. Rigtful authority. Exploring the structure of police self-legitimacy. Crime, Justice and Social Order. Essays in
Honour of A. E. Bottoms. Oxford, 2014, pp. 1–30. (In English).
54. Tyler T. R. Why People Obey the Law. London, 1990. (In English).
55. Trammel R., Rundle M. M. The inmate as the nonperson. Examining staff conflict from the inmate’s perspective.
The Prison Journal, 2015, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 472–492. (In English).
56. Uprava Republike Slovenije za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij. Letno poročilo 2016, 2017 [Administration of the Republic
of Slovenia for the Execution of Criminal Sanctions. Annual Report 2016, 2017]. Available at: https://www.gov.si/assets/
organi-v-sestavi/IRSSS/POROCILA/51fab39528/Letno_porocilo_IRSSS_2017.pdf (accessed 02.06.2018). (In Slovenian).
57. Wright K. N. Job control and occupational outcomes among prison workers. Justice Quarterly, 1997, vol. 14, no. 3,
pp. 525–546. (In English).
58. Wacquant L. The prison is an outlaw institution. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 2012, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 1–15.
(In English).
