Introduction: the steady increase in the number of the suspected, accused and convicted of terrorism and extremism, as well as cases of their participation in various emergencies, necessitates a personal, targeted approach to correctional psychological and educational work with them. The need for an individual approach, including in psychological and educational work with those convicted of terrorism and extremism, is also indicated by regulatory legal documents, in particular the Order of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia No. 1111 dated November 24, 2017 “On the organization of events on countering terrorism, extremist activity in penal enforcement institutions and bodies”. Study purpose: determination of the effectiveness of the tested model program for psychological correction of personality of persons convicted of terrorism and extremism-related crimes. Research methods: psychodiagnostics methods: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) “Time perspective of convicts”, multidimensional self-attitude research questionnaire, a psychodiagnostic method “Life-purpose orientations”; a method for testing the program developed; a method for identifying statistical differences – the Student’s t-test; a method for comparative analysis of the psychodiagnostics results obtained following the testing results. Results: validation of the reliability of statistical differences with the help of the Student’s t-test determined the absence of significant changes in the indicators of convicts in the control group. Meaningful changes were observed in the indicators of convicts of the experimental group with the help of the following methods: ZTPI “Time perspective of convicts”, a multidimensional self-attitude research questionnaire and a psychodiagnostic method “Life-purpose orientations”. A comparative analysis of the results of psychodiagnostics of convicts in the experimental group before and after testing of the basic program proved the reliability of statistical differences with the help of the Student’s t-test determined the presence of positive personality changes in the behavioral, cognitive and affective spheres of the personality of convicts in the experimental group. Conclusions: assessment of the model program testing results revealed a sufficient degree of its effectiveness and the possibility of its implementation. The model program largely determined the content and structure of the section of the additional professional program – a professional development program for psychological service employees who accompany persons convicted of terrorist and extremist crimes.
Keywords: targeted approach, educational work, psychological work, model program, correctional work, convicts, extremism, terrorism, irrational attitudes.
Kazberov P. N. -
Candidate of Sciences (Psychology), Senior Lecturer at the Psychology Department of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russian Federation
ORCID 0000-0003-2233-0230
, e-mail opodnii@yandex.ru
Shamsunov S. Kh. -
Doctor of Sciences (Law), Professor, Leading Researcher of the Scientific Center of the Academy of the FAS of Russia, Ryazan, Russian Federation
ORCID 0000-0002-1194-6905
, e-mail shamsunov46@mail.ru
1. Ermasov E.V. Psychological stress in isolation. Razvitie lichnosti=Development of Personality, 2009, no. 2, pp. 84–99. (In Russ.). 2. Zinchenko Yu.P., Surnov K.G., Tkhostov A.Sh. The motivation of a terrorist. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 14. Psikhologiya=Moscow University Psychology Bulletin. Series 14. Psychology, 2007, no. 2, pp. 20–34. (In Russ.). 3. Kazberov P.N., Bovin B.G. General characteristics of persons convicted of extremist and terrorist crimes. Psikhologiya i pravo=Psychology and Law, 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 36–53. DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2019090103. (In Russ.). 4. Kazberov P.N., Bovin B.G., Fasolya A.A. Terrorist’s psychological profile. Psikhologiya i pravo=Psychology and Law, 2019, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 141–157. DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2019090311. (In Russ.). 5. Kompleksnyi plan protivodeistviya ideologii terrorizma v Rossiiskoi Federatsii na 2019–2023 gody (utverzhden Prezidentom Rossiiskoi Federatsii 28.12.2018 № Pr-2665) [Comprehensive plan to counter terrorism ideology in the Russian Federation for 2019–2023 (approved by the President of the Russian Federation No. Pr-2665 of December 28, 2018]. Available at: https://www.mchs.gov.ru/dokumenty/2632 (accessed January 18, 2021). 6. Kontseptsiya razvitiya ugolovno-ispolnitel’noi sistemy Rossiiskoi Federatsii do 2020 goda, utverzhdena rasporyazheniem pravitel’stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 14 oktyabrya 2010 goda № 1772-r [Concept for the development of the Russian Federation penal enforcement system up to 2020, approved by the decree of the RF Government of the of the Russian Federation No. 1772-r of October 14, 2010]. Available at: https://www.mchs.gov.ru/dokumenty/2632 (accessed January 19, 2021). 7. Mel’nikova D.V., Debol’skii M.G. Concept for the development of the Russian Federation penal enforcement system up to 2020. Psikhologiya i pravo=Psychology and Law, 2015, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 105–116. DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2015100208. (In Russ.). Psychology 8. Novikova O.N. Foreign terrorist fighters: They are coming back. Evropeiskaya bezopasnost’: sobytiya, otsenki, prognozy=European Security: Events, Estimates, Forecasts, 2018, no. 49, pp. 2–4. (In Russ.). 9. Oganesyan S.S., Bovin B.G., Kazberov P.N., et al. The issue of religious extremism spread in places of detention. Vedomosti ugolovno-ispolnitel’noi sistemy=Sheets of the Penal Enforcement System, 2019, no. 3, pp. 51–59. Available at: http://or.fsin.su/vedomosti/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=462214 (accessed February 1, 2021). (In Russ.). 10. Sochivko O.I. Psychological support of persons convicted of extremism and terroristm-related crimes. Prikladnaya yuridicheskaya psikhologiya=Applied Legal Psychology, 2019, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 99–103. (In Russ.). 11. Sundiev I.Yu., Smirnov A.A., Kundetov A.I., et al. Teoriya i praktika informatsionnogo protivodeistviya ekstremistskoi i terroristicheskoi deyatel’nosti [Theory and practice of information counteraction to extremist and terrorist activities]. Vologda: Poligraf-kniga, 2014. 240 p. 12. Tikhonova A.D. Social media and youth: the risk of radicalization. Psikhologiya i pravo=Psychology and Law, 2018, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 55–64. DOI: 10.17759/psylaw.2018080406. (In Russ.). 13. Tikhonova A.D., Dvoryanchikov N.V., Ernst-Vintila A. et al. Radicalisation of adolescents and youth: in search of explanations. Kul’turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya=Cultural-Historical Psychology, 2017, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 32–40. DOI: 10.17759/chp.2017130305. (In Russ.). 14. Borum R. Radicalization into violent extremism: a review of definitions and applications of social science theories. Journal of Strategic Security, 2012, no. 4, pp. 7–36. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.1. 15. Gelfand M.J., LaFree G., Fahey S., et al. Culture and extremism. Journal of Social Issues, 2013, vol. 69, no 3, pp. 495–517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12026. 16. Haslam C., Jetten J., Cruwys T., et al. The new psychology of health. London: Routledge, 2018. 510 p. DOI: https://doi. org/10.4324/9781315648569. 17. Hogg M. A. Self-uncertainty, social identity and the solace of extremism. In: Hogg M.A., Blaylock D.L. (Eds.) Extremism and psychology of uncertainty. Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Pp. 19–35. 18. Hogg M. A. Social identity theory. In: Burke P. J. (Ed.) Contemporary social psychological theories. Palo-Alto : Stanford University Press, 2006. Pp. 111–136. 19. Hogg M. A. To belong or not to belong: some self-conceptual and behavioural consequences of identity uncertainty. Revista de Psicología Social, 2015, vol. 30, pp. 586–613. DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1065090. 20. Hogg M.A., Kruglanski A., Van den Bos K. Uncertainty and the roots of extremism. Journal of Social Issues, 2013, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 407–418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.1202. 21. King M., Taylor D.M. The radicalization of homegrown jihadists: a review of theoretical models and social psychological evidence.Terrorism and Political Violence,2011, no. 4, pp. 602–622. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09546553.2011.587064. 22. Knudsen R.A. Measuring radicalisation: risk assessment conceptualisations and practice in England and Wales. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression,2020, vol. 12, pp. 37–54. DOI: 10.1080/19434472.2018.1509105. 23. Silke A., Veldhuis T. Countering violent extremism in prisons: a review of key recent research and critical research gaps. Perspectives on Terrorism, 2017, vol. 11, no. 5. Available at: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/ article/ view/640/html (accessed February 18, 2021).
