Journal section JURISPRUDENCE
Differentiation of responsibility for sexual crimes involving minors
the subject of the study in the article were the issues of establishing and differentiating responsibility for sexual crimes including those committed by minors or when they act as victims in this category of criminal assault. the aim of the work is to provide an objective description of the corresponding means of differentiation, to identify shortcomings and gaps in legal regulation and to formulate proposals for improving criminal legislation in this area. In the work traditional for the legal research methods were used: dialectical, induction and deduction, systemic, comparative-legal. according to the authors sexual crimes occupy an insignificant share in the overall mass of crime in the country. however their serious public danger, the public concern that they cause make us think about the objectivity and effectiveness of the measures taken and the place of criminal law in the system of these measures. the result of the work was a scientifically grounded assessment of the work of the legislator on introducing changes and additions to the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: differentiation of responsibility; sexual crimes; minor; the development of criminallegislation; peculiaritiesof theregulationof thenormsonliability for infringement of sexual freedom; sexual inviolability
-
head of the Department of Criminal law and Criminology of the yaroslavl State P.g. Demidov university, Dsc. in law, Professor, honored Scientist of the Russian Federation
, e-mail kruglikov@uniyar.ac.ru
-
Senior lecturer of the Department of Civil legal Disciplines of the Vologda Institute of law and economics of the Federal Penal Service of russia, PhD. in law, associate Professor
ORCID 0000-0003-1044-1697
, e-mail santashov@list.ru
-
Cadet of the law Faculty of the Vologda Institute of law and economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia
, e-mail ksyu-sha221197@mail.ru
1. Kudryavcev V. n. obshchaya teoriya kvalifikacii prestuplenij [general theory of the qualification of crimes]. Moscow, 2006. 240 p. (In russ.).
2. neklyudov n. a. ugolovno-statisticheskie ehtyudy: statisticheskij opyt issledovaniya fiziologicheskogo znacheniya razlichnyh vozrastov chelovecheskogo organizma po otnosheniyu k prestupleniyu [Criminal and statistical studies: statistical experience of studying the physiological significance of different ages of the human body in relation to crime]. St. Petersburg, 1865. (In russ.).
3. o vnesenii izmenenij v ugolovnyj kodeks rossijskoj Federacii : feder. zakon ot 27.07.2009 № 215-FZ [on amendments to the Criminal Code of the russian Federation: Federal law from 27.07.2009 no. 215-Fl]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva ros. Federacii – Collection of legislation of the russian Federation. 2009. art. 3921. (In russ.).
4. o vnesenii izmenenij v ugolovnyj kodeks rossijskoj Federacii i otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty rossijskoj Federacii v celyah usileniya otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya seksual’nogo haraktera, sovershennye v otnoshenii nesovershennolet- nih : feder. zakon ot 29.02.2012 № 14-FZ [on amendments to the Criminal Code of the russian Federation and Certain legislative acts of the russian Federation with a view to strengthening liability for crimes of a sexual nature committed against minors : Federal law from 29.02.2012 no. 14-Fl]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva ros. Federacii – Collection of legislation of the russian Federation. 2012. art. 1162. (In russ.).
5. o vnesenii izmenenij v ugolovnyj kodeks rossijskoj Federacii i ugolovno-processual’nyj kodeks rossijskoj Federacii : feder. zakon ot 28.12.2013 № 380-FZ [on amending the Criminal Code of the russian Federation and the Code of Criminal Procedure of the russian Federation : Federal law from 28.12.2013 no. 380-Fl]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva ros. Federacii – Collection of legislation of the russian Federation. 2013. art. 6945. (In russ.).
6. o vnesenii izmenenij i dopolnenij v ugolovnyj kodeks rossijskoj Federacii : feder. zakon ot 25.06.1998 № 92-FZ [on the introduction of changes and additions to the Criminal Code of the russian Federation : Federal law from 25.06.1998 no. 92-Fl]. ros. gaz. – russian newspaper. 1998. 27 June. (In russ.).
7. o poryadke primeneniya stat’i 1 ukaza Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSr «ob usilenii ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za iznasilovanie» : рostanovlenie Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSr ot 28.04.1980 [on the Procedure for the application of article 1 of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the uSSr «on Strengthening Criminal responsibility for rape» : resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the uSSr from 28.04.1980]. Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSr – Journal of the Supreme Soviet of the uSSr. 1980. Iss. 19. art. 348. (In russ.).
8. o priznanii utrativshimi silu zakonodatel’nyh aktov v svyazi s vvedeniem v dejstvie osnov ugolovnogo zakonodatel’stva, zakonov ob ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za gosudarstvennye i za voinskie prestupleniya, osnov zakonodatel’stva o sudoustrojstve, polozheniya o voennyh tribunalah i osnov ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva : ukaz Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSr ot 13.04.1959 [on the recognition as invalid of legislative acts in connection with the introduction of the foundations of criminal legislation, laws on criminal responsibility for state and military crimes, the fundamentals of legislation on the judicial system, the provisions on military tribunals and the basis for criminal proceedings: the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the uSSr from 13.04.1959]. Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSr – Journal of the Supreme Soviet of the uSSr. 1959. Iss. 15. (In russ.).
9. o sudebnoj praktike po delam o prestupleniyah, predusmotrennyh stat’yami 131 i 132 ugolovnogo kodeksa rossijskoj Federacii : postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda rossijskoj Federacii ot 15.06.2004 № 11 [on judicial practice in cases of crimes provided for in articles 131 and 132 of the Criminal Code of the russian Federation : resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the russian Federation from 15.06.2004 no. 11]. Sbornik postanovlenij plenumov verhovnyh sudov SSSr, rSFSr i rossijskoj Federacii po ugolovnym delam – Collection of resolutions of plenums of the Supreme Courts of the uSSr, the rSFSr and the russian Federation in criminal matters. Moscow, 2015. 320 p. (In russ.).
10. o sudebnoj praktike po delam ob iznasilovanii : postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda SSSr ot 25.03.1964 № 2 [on the jurisprudence of rape cases : resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the uSSr from 25.03.1964 no. 2]. Byulleten’ Verhovnogo Suda SSSr – Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the uSSr. 1964. Iss. 3. (In russ.).
11. ob ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za muzhelozhstvo : postanovlenie CIK SSSr ot 17.12.1933 [on the criminal liability for sodomy : resolution of the CeC of the uSSr from 17.12.1933]. availabel at: http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_3947. htm (accessed 01.06.2018). (In russ.).
12. Pravila sudebno-medicinskoj akushersko-ginekologicheskoj ehkspertizy : utv. Minzdravom SSSr 07.01.1966 [the rules of forensic obstetric-gynecological examination : approved by the Ministry of health of the uSSr 07.01.1966]. access from the reference legal system «ConsultantPlus». (In russ.).
13. Svodnye statisticheskie svedeniya o sostoyanii sudimosti v rossii za 2017 god [Summary statistics on the status of criminal record in russia for 2017]. availabel at: http://www.cdep.ru/index.php?id=79&item=4477 (accessed 01.06.2018). (In russ.).
2. neklyudov n. a. ugolovno-statisticheskie ehtyudy: statisticheskij opyt issledovaniya fiziologicheskogo znacheniya razlichnyh vozrastov chelovecheskogo organizma po otnosheniyu k prestupleniyu [Criminal and statistical studies: statistical experience of studying the physiological significance of different ages of the human body in relation to crime]. St. Petersburg, 1865. (In russ.).
3. o vnesenii izmenenij v ugolovnyj kodeks rossijskoj Federacii : feder. zakon ot 27.07.2009 № 215-FZ [on amendments to the Criminal Code of the russian Federation: Federal law from 27.07.2009 no. 215-Fl]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva ros. Federacii – Collection of legislation of the russian Federation. 2009. art. 3921. (In russ.).
4. o vnesenii izmenenij v ugolovnyj kodeks rossijskoj Federacii i otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty rossijskoj Federacii v celyah usileniya otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya seksual’nogo haraktera, sovershennye v otnoshenii nesovershennolet- nih : feder. zakon ot 29.02.2012 № 14-FZ [on amendments to the Criminal Code of the russian Federation and Certain legislative acts of the russian Federation with a view to strengthening liability for crimes of a sexual nature committed against minors : Federal law from 29.02.2012 no. 14-Fl]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva ros. Federacii – Collection of legislation of the russian Federation. 2012. art. 1162. (In russ.).
5. o vnesenii izmenenij v ugolovnyj kodeks rossijskoj Federacii i ugolovno-processual’nyj kodeks rossijskoj Federacii : feder. zakon ot 28.12.2013 № 380-FZ [on amending the Criminal Code of the russian Federation and the Code of Criminal Procedure of the russian Federation : Federal law from 28.12.2013 no. 380-Fl]. Sobr. zakonodatel’stva ros. Federacii – Collection of legislation of the russian Federation. 2013. art. 6945. (In russ.).
6. o vnesenii izmenenij i dopolnenij v ugolovnyj kodeks rossijskoj Federacii : feder. zakon ot 25.06.1998 № 92-FZ [on the introduction of changes and additions to the Criminal Code of the russian Federation : Federal law from 25.06.1998 no. 92-Fl]. ros. gaz. – russian newspaper. 1998. 27 June. (In russ.).
7. o poryadke primeneniya stat’i 1 ukaza Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSr «ob usilenii ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za iznasilovanie» : рostanovlenie Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSr ot 28.04.1980 [on the Procedure for the application of article 1 of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the uSSr «on Strengthening Criminal responsibility for rape» : resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the uSSr from 28.04.1980]. Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSr – Journal of the Supreme Soviet of the uSSr. 1980. Iss. 19. art. 348. (In russ.).
8. o priznanii utrativshimi silu zakonodatel’nyh aktov v svyazi s vvedeniem v dejstvie osnov ugolovnogo zakonodatel’stva, zakonov ob ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za gosudarstvennye i za voinskie prestupleniya, osnov zakonodatel’stva o sudoustrojstve, polozheniya o voennyh tribunalah i osnov ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva : ukaz Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSr ot 13.04.1959 [on the recognition as invalid of legislative acts in connection with the introduction of the foundations of criminal legislation, laws on criminal responsibility for state and military crimes, the fundamentals of legislation on the judicial system, the provisions on military tribunals and the basis for criminal proceedings: the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the uSSr from 13.04.1959]. Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSr – Journal of the Supreme Soviet of the uSSr. 1959. Iss. 15. (In russ.).
9. o sudebnoj praktike po delam o prestupleniyah, predusmotrennyh stat’yami 131 i 132 ugolovnogo kodeksa rossijskoj Federacii : postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda rossijskoj Federacii ot 15.06.2004 № 11 [on judicial practice in cases of crimes provided for in articles 131 and 132 of the Criminal Code of the russian Federation : resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the russian Federation from 15.06.2004 no. 11]. Sbornik postanovlenij plenumov verhovnyh sudov SSSr, rSFSr i rossijskoj Federacii po ugolovnym delam – Collection of resolutions of plenums of the Supreme Courts of the uSSr, the rSFSr and the russian Federation in criminal matters. Moscow, 2015. 320 p. (In russ.).
10. o sudebnoj praktike po delam ob iznasilovanii : postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda SSSr ot 25.03.1964 № 2 [on the jurisprudence of rape cases : resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the uSSr from 25.03.1964 no. 2]. Byulleten’ Verhovnogo Suda SSSr – Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the uSSr. 1964. Iss. 3. (In russ.).
11. ob ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za muzhelozhstvo : postanovlenie CIK SSSr ot 17.12.1933 [on the criminal liability for sodomy : resolution of the CeC of the uSSr from 17.12.1933]. availabel at: http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_3947. htm (accessed 01.06.2018). (In russ.).
12. Pravila sudebno-medicinskoj akushersko-ginekologicheskoj ehkspertizy : utv. Minzdravom SSSr 07.01.1966 [the rules of forensic obstetric-gynecological examination : approved by the Ministry of health of the uSSr 07.01.1966]. access from the reference legal system «ConsultantPlus». (In russ.).
13. Svodnye statisticheskie svedeniya o sostoyanii sudimosti v rossii za 2017 god [Summary statistics on the status of criminal record in russia for 2017]. availabel at: http://www.cdep.ru/index.php?id=79&item=4477 (accessed 01.06.2018). (In russ.).
