Juvenile Probation in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic: Key Features in Penal Legislation
Potapov A.M. Juvenile probation in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic: key features in penal legislation. Penitentiary Science, 2026, vol. 20, no. 3 (75), pp. 280–287. doi 10.46741/2713-2811.2026.75.3.006.
the article considers penal legislation and special regulatory legal acts in the field
of juvenile probation (probation for minors) in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic.
It describes the regulatory content of juvenile probation in these states and compares it with the
domestic legislation. Purpose: to determine possibilities of implementing the provisions of Kazakh and
Kyrgyz penal legislation on probation in the Russian penal legislation. Methods: dialectical, formallogical,
comparative-legal, etc. Results: it is established that the penal legislation of the Republic
of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of juvenile probation (probation for minors) has
significant differences from the penal legislation of the Russian Federation. The content of juvenile
probation is fixed in the penal codes of these countries and special laws on probation. Types, forms,
subjects and principles of juvenile probation are assessed. The absence of significant provisions
of the Russian penal legislation in relation to juvenile probation issues is revealed. Proposals on the
implementation of legislation in the field of juvenile probation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the
Kyrgyz Republic in the penal legislation of the Russian Federation are formulated. Conclusions: the
comparative legal analysis of the probation legislation of the Russian Federation and other countries
indicates differences in approaches to the legal consolidation of implementation in practice. One
of these differences is the legislative consolidation of probation for minors, or juvenile probation, in
the republics under consideration and its absence in Russia. Codified acts define the basis of the
institution under study. At the same time, special regulatory legal acts on probation complement
its content and define its features. In the Russian Federation, the legal regulation of probation is
currently based only around a special probation law. It seems that this approach leaves room for
improvement. The implementation of legislation on probation in the Republic of Kazakhstan and
the Kyrgyz Republic, including in relation to minors, provides for its division into types (pre-trial,
sentencing, penitentiary, post-penitentiary). In this case, pre-trial probation is a type of probation
that is not available in the Russian Federation. Determination of minors as specified categories of
probation clients should become an absolute guideline in the Russian legislation in the future. In
our opinion, the existence of a separate chapter in the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic regulating
the use of juvenile probation is a priority for the development of domestic legislation in the field
of probation. We consider the consolidation of educational influence on minors during the period
of executive and post-penitentiary probation in the Kyrgyz Republic to be the right step due to the
fact that this area of probation is not legally regulated either in the Republic of Kazakhstan or in the
Russian Federation. Special attention in our country should be directed to the implementation of the
priority of educational measures over coercive ones. The possibility of such an implementation has
yet to be evaluated. The improvement of juvenile probation in the Russian Federation should follow
the path of expanding the types of probation, its subjects, and the mechanism of implementation.
Keywords: juvenile probation; juvenile convicts; correction; re-socialization; probation control (supervision); social and legal assistance; educational impact.
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